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默认 形形色色的防伪纸张介绍

一.水印纸
是有浮雕、可透视、可触摸图象、条码等的纸张。钞票用的便是水印防伪技术。因水印不能用影印机、扫描器等再现,故其防伪效果甚受重视。如今水印的应用范围已扩至有价票据、证件、甚至书刊。水印是在造纸过程中,利用技术将所需标识、图案等入纸,如在丝网上安装事先设计好的水印图文印版,或通过印刷滚筒压制而成。由于图文高低不同,使纸浆形成厚薄不同的相应密度,成纸后因图文处纸浆的密度不同,其透光度有差异,故透光观察时,可显出原设计的图文。
水印有固定水印、半固定水印及不固定水印三种。固定水印的印刷工艺难度较大,必须固定在钞票、护照、证件等主体的一定位置,且通常要与肉眼可见的印刷图文或其它防伪措施匹配准确,如100元人民币在水印窗位置有毛泽东头像固定水印。半固定水印的每组水印之间的距离、位置均固定,各组在纸上呈连续排列,故也称连续水印,它多用于专用纸张。不固定水印分布于纸张或票面的满版,故也称满版水印,如中国第三、四套的五元、两元及一元人民币均是满版古钱水印纸印制的,但新版五元人民币已用水仙花图案固定水印纸来印刷。
1、防伪水印纸从原来的长网纸发展到如今高度安全的长网纸,特点包括:
2、可得到多达十五个灰度层次,故有较多层次;黑水印区的厚度可达到40μ,比平均厚度15~20μ的纸更厚,故有较好对比度;及有较好的细节及水印清晰度。
3、能获得长网纸所不具备的附加安全措施,如安全线等。
4、将长的棉纤维加入木浆中提高纸张的使用寿命。在圆网造纸机上,水印通过纤维堆积在水印表面形成,水印与纸张同时形成,这表示水印可填充到圆网模的峰与谷中,形成非常清晰的水印。
随着电子科技的发展,如今有电子水印纸的推出。据英国《泰晤士报》九九年五月三日报道,一种称为「微巴」的系统,利用混沌理论将资料编成密码加入文件背景中。这种「微巴」肉眼看不见,但用扫描器可阅读,破解其密码。只有原始印版才能印制,任何精密印刷设备均无法复制或只能印出一些模糊不清的图象。据研制公司称,从数学角度来破译「微巴」的编码系统,几乎不可能。
二.含安全线防伪纸
指造纸过程中将一条金线或塑胶线置于纸张中间。最早使用的是特制金属线,现在使用聚酯类塑胶线、微型字母安全线、荧光安全线等。安全线形状有直线、波浪形、锯齿形等。据有关资料称,新版美钞不仅在纸中埋入金属线,且线上微缩了只能用高倍放大镜才能看清的文字。近年来又推出了热敏安全线,在室温下呈粉红色,不透明,当用手指给局部加温时只要达到摄氏三十七度,就会局部显现微缩印刷文字。还有一种安全线-镭射全息安全线因观看角度不同而产生颜色变化。
在纸张中放入安全线,线的宽度可以小到1mm,若同时放入多根安全线,线的间距可以小到4mm。安全线上可印刷用户需要的图案和文字,根据防伪的不同难度要求,印上的图案和文字可制作成镂空或非镂空。
关于钞票印刷中的安全线也是各国研究的重点:如英国采用开窗式透射安全线,法国研制部分镀铝工艺的安全线,芬兰则采用荧光安全线等。生化防伪标记是防伪技术发展的一大突破,最近外国生物研究机构研制成功,主要在不干胶标识上印刷暗记,以达防伪目的。数码变形防伪技术也已在外国应用,这一技术适用于任何需要阿拉伯数字的印刷品,变形通过电脑实现,没任何规律可循,识别也是通过电脑。
三.镭射防伪纸
镭射防伪技术与纸张结合制成了防伪纸张。如利用全息防伪技术和专用设备,将全息图象制作在钞票的特定位置,提高防伪性能,其特点如下:
1、由于是把全息图案直接制作在纸张上,除去了塑胶资讯层,因此很少有被复制的可能;
2、纸张上的图案可根据商家要求设计、制版、生产出商家需要的不同质地、克数纸张(70~400克),如铜版纸、卡纸、纸板,且还可像普通纸一样,再进行柯式印刷、丝印等;
3、价格只略贵于普通复合金银卡纸,相当于全息防伪商标价格的十分一,且省去贴标签的人工费,故易被商家接受;
4、废弃后可在泥土中风化,不会污染环境。
目前镭射防伪纸已在某些烟、酒、化妆品、食品等包装印刷中发挥作用。例如:胜利油田铝箔复合材料厂近来生产出一种无膜全息暗防伪印刷包装纸。它具有印前、印后全版防伪,整张纸面都可设计、制作出专用版或普通版镭射防伪图象,幅宽可达800毫米以上等特点。图案采用隐含式设计,即使使用多层油墨覆盖,仍可看清,对光折射效果极佳,不影响设计和印刷主题。
四.红蓝纤维丝、彩点加密纸
造纸时将红蓝等有色纤维或彩色小片(点)掺入纸浆内,或在纸张未定型前撒在纸张表面,在紫外线照射下有荧光反射,使成纸中带有区别于纸张本身的有色纤维。掺入纸浆中的红蓝纤维丝和彩点有彩色纤维与无色荧光纤维两种。前者用肉眼即可在纸面看到,后者及彩点必须在紫外线照射下方可显现,其颜色有红、蓝、桔红等,形态可粗可细,可长可短。纤维与彩点一般都是随机分布,故其疏密嵌露多少各异。除植物纤维外,近几年也有将金属箔、塑胶圆形小片掺入纸浆中防伪的。如意大利发行的纸币上夹有一肉眼不可见的金属箔,用特制识别器检查时会发出声音。另外,英国研究利用一种特殊的纤维铺成一小片,然后用特定光源从特定角度照射,得到一个立体投影,并将其存入电脑,后通过验查此标记的投影鉴别真伪。
五.防复印纸
一种是全吸收型防复印纸,外呈蓝色及棕红色,纸上图文只有透过光才能看到,其复印件则一片漆黑。但这种纸不便于日常使用。另一种是在纸的表面涂一层很薄的铝保护层(但不影响印刷),由于铝保护层能使影印机的光分散或偏转,使复印件呈一片黑色。还有些防复印纸复印后,会浮现「复制」和「无效」等字样,可有效防止彩色复印重要文件。此外,亦有防复印纸一遇到影印机的光就会改变颜色或显现隐藏的文字,如Fraser Labels公司研制一种对付彩色复印的物质,当将商标等样品用彩色影印机复印或用扫描器扫描时,会清楚产生'VOID'字样,标识印成黑白两色。
六.有痕量添加物的纸
利用生物具有抗元抗体特异反应的原理,将极微量的抗元加入纸浆或纸的某一部分。检测时用相应的特异性抗体与之结合,通过显色、荧光等标记物反应的有无,辨别真伪。
七.化学加密纸
在纸浆中加入或是在纸张表面施胶时在胶中加入特殊化合物,这种化学加密纸当涂上特定化学试剂后可显色或显现荧光。外国一种球赛门票就是用这种纸印制,检查时只要拿浸有特制试剂的笔,在票面上划一下,划过处即显示黑色。
八.离子介质特种防伪纸
依靠国家专控的大型重离子加速器,将离子微孔技术与造纸技术融为一体的超能离子介质特种防伪纸,解决了长期困扰的有效证件防伪、识别困难的问题。

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默认 回复: 形形色色的防伪纸张介绍

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